Risk Assessment in Social Work

Risk Assessment in Social Work Risk can be described as a hazard, or a chance/likelihood of a loss or a particular event to occur (Collins, 2012), which can appear as a great uncertainty in relation to social work when intervening in peoples lives. Over the years this has been more formalised by statistical probability and structured assessment tools to guide professionals. Risk across the continuum of social work can be placed into two general categories, those risks that people pose to themselves or others and those risks which people are exposed to (Kemshall, 2007). Risk taking and management needs to be balanced between the uncertainty of unnecessary harm and dangers that worker and service user may be exposed to. The right to protection and the right to take risks need to be thoroughly addressed and considered, this in its own right will highlight many ethical dilemmas. Intervention must be justified; on the other hand society has a duty to ensure children are not exposed to abusive situations. Managing risk should be an opportunity to also seek or increase positive outcomes, not just to avoid danger but to reduce the odds against it (Calder, 2008 Care Council of Wales, 2002, 4, Corby, 2001). There appears to be no definite explanation of risk or risk assessment in social work and whether it refers to only negative or harmful outcomes, the balance of good against bad outcomes or whether it even includes the possibility of positive events (Calder, 2008). Risk appears to revolve around the concept of danger and potential harm and is not only related to service users but professional and organisational practice. Assessing risk requires interference in family life and the professional needs to be conscientious of how this is managed in regards to how they engage with service users (Calder, 2008, CCW, 2002, 1-3). The two main principals of the Children Act, 1989 are to protect children from significant harm and to ensure and promote their long term welfare. The Children Act 1989 introduced the concept of significant harm as a threshold for statutory bodies to intervene in family life, promoting the best interests of the child. Local Authorities have a duty to ensure that children and young people are protected from significant harm and to safeguard and promote the welfare of the child that may require help and support beyond that of normal mainstream services (Scie, 2005). Assessing and safeguarding children from significant harm is a major role in social work but it can be difficult to assess risk to a high degree of accuracy as factors are largely cumulative and research has shown that it can be difficult to anticipate long term outcomes (Calder, 2008, Scie, 2005). Risk is also dependant on the situation; one definition does not fit all (Scie, 2005, p21). Corby, (1996) suggested that there are three aspects to risk assessment in child protection. These are preventative, investigative and continuation risk assessment (Coulshed Orme, 2006, Kenshall Pritchard, 2001). Preventative risk assessment is considered before any involvement by agencies takes place and may influence the decision whether to intervene or not. Preventative risk assessment is based on indicative factors which inform judgements (evidence based practice) (Coulshed Orme, 2006, Webb, 2006). Early work by Browne Saqi (1998) cited in Kenshall Pritchard (2001) gave indicators of predictive factors, for example: history of family violence, history of mental illness, drug or alcohol abuse, parent abused or neglected as a child and research on these matters will be used assess the likely cause or outcome or influence the way in which the professional intervenes. A criticism of this way of working is that it can detract from the professional autonomy in decision making. Soc ial workers should be aware and inform themselves of available evidence as good practice but should be able balance this in each individual situation (Coulshed Orme, 2006, Kenshall Pritchard, 2001). This way of practice can highlight ethical issues for the worker by means of discriminating people because of past events or by factors that are out of their control, the danger is that non-abusers could be identified as abusers. Social workers may also intervene when there is no evidence of abuse which can be seen as intrusive and demonstrates the importance of balancing rights and responsibilities (Coulshed Orme, 2006 CCW, 2002, Webb, 2006). Investigative risk assessment can also be known as an initial assessment and is usually brought to the attention of social services departments by someone who has expressed concerns, this maybe another professional or a member of the public. These are usually dealt by working collaboratively with other agencies in particular to child protection and will almost always involve the Police, G.P/Health Visitor and education. The social worker will be required to use the Framework for Assessment which provides a systematic way of recording and analysing information about the child and its family. The worker would also refer to the All Wales Child Protection Procedures (WAG, 2008) when there are concerns regarding child protection. Difficulties can arise when working in a multi-agency partnership as each agency may have their own agenda or expectations of outcomes. This can be evident when working in cases where domestic violence is present and the identification of the risk that the childr en are possibly being exposed to being emotional and physical harm. The Police may be of the opinion that the children should be removed from the situation immediately but the social worker may feel that it is better to work with the mother and possibly the father/partner in resolving the issues but also ensuring the safety of all concerned. This may be done as a child in need or child protection depending on the severity of the abuse. Again this demonstrates the complex task by social workers of balancing the risk against the rights of those involved. Social workers have the duty to consider the rights of those involved for example the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC, 1989) Article 19, states that a child has the right to protection from abuse and neglect. Also Article 8 of The Human Rights Act 1998 states the right to respect for family life (Coulshed Orme, 2006, Cree Wallace, 2005). Continuation risk assessment may be considered during long term interventions whereby for example a child maybe returning to the care of their parents after a period of separation due to risk concerns. Where identifiable risk has been discovered assessments need to be made at regular intervals with the focus being on risk reduction rather than risk elimination (Corby, 1996, Coulshed Orme, 2006). Continuation risk assessment is about balancing the risks of intervention against non-intervention. Evaluation of the original concerns need to be considered and changes that have occurred acknowledged. The social worker will then have to assess whether the changes made have had a positive or negative influence on the situation or made no difference at all (Coulshed Orme, 2006). In assessing risk social workers need to consider how power and knowledge can influence decisions that are made. Professionals have the power to take action to protect others, have the access and knowledge of resources on offer and the knowledge of theories which may interpret behaviour and label individuals. Using these to label or stereotype an individual is in itself an abuse of power (Coulshed Orme, 2006). Today policy promotes the need for practitioners to be sensitive and informed of the diversity of peoples background, taking into consideration their race, culture and beliefs. A holistic assessment of a family should include this as standard and it is important to recognise the different approaches and lifestyles and this should reflect the types of intervention that can be provided for multi-cultural communities (Coulshed Orme, 2006, CCW, 2002 1.6,Milner OBryne, 2009,).

English as a second language

Since many years ago in Costa Rica has been implemented English as a second language in educational institutions. Thence, there have been a lot of teachers in order to teach this language to our students during elementary school and high school. However, this goal has been limited and in most cases is not met. This is because many of the teachers do not have basis and rationale for teaching, in many schools across the country many of them do not speak the language or by 50%, do not have good pronunciation, grammar is incoherent and they don ‘t have secretaries skills to teach.Taking this as a starting point we can reach the conclusion of the importance of linguistics and how some of its branches can help teachers improve their classes. Some of these branches that teachers must considered in order to improve their classes are the following: sociolinguistic, phonology linguistic and second language acquisition. All teachers must know how people speak in the society, to understand this topic we have sociolinguistic that is precisely what is responsible for studying the way people speak in a specific society.Sociolinguistic contains many fields which is very important to know because it could help us improve the classes. Why? According with sociolinguistic one of the aspect that it consider is education, the more educated you are the better you speak that is really important; besides, gender is other aspect that you have to dominate especially when you need sort in which we are referring to man or woman, it said women speak better than men, they use more words and sentences it is something we should Consider when you are teaching.In other hands, the idioms should take into account, because we must know that in any region have idioms it means word that simplify a group of words, students must learn about it because may be they will be in contact with foreign people in a Job or they travel to another country.Also, is necessary to know about slang, this is what is known as vulgar vocabulary, as we student usually ask about expressions that they hear, as a teacher we must direct them which of these expressions must use according to the context. In addition, there are phrases that people use to soften the real meaning of a word (euphemism) for example, make love – copulate, teachers should know about these concepts because are synonyms in which is a topic that is taught in Costa Rica ‘s educative system.Race is another aspect very important to know, it determine the way that some people speak a language, for example, if a teacher teach Spanish at USA, especially in a state where most of the people speak Black American English, he or she must know that they reduce vowels, verb to be is deleted, they use â€Å"you was and they was† instead of â€Å"you were and they were†, etc. In order to understand the phrases.Also in sociolinguistic there is an especial meaning which is evolution, this is divided into two categori es nee of them is â€Å"pidgin† (using a language that is not our language is Just to survive) and the other is Creole or native language, this one is very important to take account because here at Costa Rica we have Lemon is a province where most of the people speak Creole from Jamaica, this kind of language is not totally perfect for example; obsolete – me I GU mausoleum – I is good and idiolect – I am good; if a teacher is teaching in Lemon must of knowing interpreter these terms and try to correct them to speak at a correct way.Another aspect teachers must consider is profession, as we know occupations is another topic that needs to be taught at high school, according with professions people use technical words belong to a specific occupations, so teacher must teach to the student how to associate a specific word with an occupation, for example, legal-lower, trauma-doctor.To teach this topic the teacher can use cards, board games combining words adapt ed to occupations related to the profession and the profession name. Phonology study of phonemes-phoneme is the basic unit of sounds (pronunciation, accent, stress); with doubt, if a teacher has enough knowledge about their class will e improved considerably, now days most of the schools in Costa Rica must teach speaking English, to make students acquire a good pronunciation teachers have to emphasize vowel sounds.Also they need to know about diphthongs which is the combination of vowels. There are many kinds of activities to teach vowels especially in school, but the most effective one is audiovisual, fortunately now days the technology is closer to everyone, in most of the schools have video beam, laptops and speakers with these tools teachers can play, songs, videos in order to learn vowel sounds.In other hands, consonants are very important, remember that consonants are divided by two categories mainly which are the following: voiced (vocal cords vibrate) and voiceless (vocal co rds don ;t vibrate), one of the main challenges facing teachers is to get students learn the correctly pronounce the words, so they have to let students know about the differences between consonants; one technique to obtain good results is make students work in groups, where they repeat the words identifying what has vibration and what not.To make easier this teaching the teacher would watch and guide students with the sounds and indicate when are continuant or stop, internal, alveolar-ridge, affricative or fricative and retroflex, certainly not due to give many details about this, but if we can do a little explanation Just let students learn to identify sounds.To end this essay, we must recognize that linguistic is very important and it should be known by teachers to make their lessons better, we know that to teach a second language teachers must know how do people speak in a society determined with all the fields of linguistic, such as, education, gender, idioms, slang, race, evol ution, reversion, it is what we know as sociolinguistic.Also, teachers should implement techniques and activities such as audiovisual presentations to recognize the sounds of the vowels, in the other hand, for recognizing the consonant sounds one very effective technique is group formation where students learn to recognize when the consonants has vibration or not, of course, with the guidance and help of the teacher who must have extensive knowledge of all the implications in the pronunciation of consonants for example when are continuant or stop, internal, alveolar-ridge, affricative or fricative and retroflex.

New Article Reveals the Low Down on The Other World Essay Topics and Why You Must Take Action Today

New Article Reveals the Low Down on The Other World Essay Topics and Why You Must Take Action Today It's always better if you've already been assigned an essay, but if you're not, and you wish to choose one for your business enterprise essay, TutorVersal is here for your help. Nobody really wishes to compose an essay. You've approached the last portion of your essay. Narrative essay topics Narrative essay is a little different from different types. The manner in which you formulate your argument heavily is dependent upon the essay type. Understanding how to compose a strong argumentative paper will help you advance your very own argumentative thinking. There are three kinds of argumentative essays. The Rise of the Other World Essay Topics In case the latter is true, the topic should be chosen dependent on its depth and controversial nature. Argumentative essays suppose there is a discussion opposed to a single viewpoint, while persuasive ones involve supporting just one position. The primary purpose of writing an argumentative essay is to understand how to convince individuals to modify their perception of things they strongly believe in. The structure may also differ, but this is a distinct question to discuss. Key Pieces of the Other World Essay Topics Definition Essay inside this category of essays one should define a topic so the readers can comprehend the fundamentals and facts regarding the topic. Or you are able to think about a few fresh topic able to draw the interest of the audience. Take a peek at all the topics are categorized in 5 sections so you can cover them conveniently. Needless to say, you are able to choose any other topic. The multiple topics could be found, for instance, in the dissertation abstracts international database. To find total advantage, you should turn out to be very acquainted with the subject of genuine essay questions. The cost of an essay depends upon the quantity of effort the writer has to exert. If you aim to compose a very good essay, you ought to take into consideration that any bit of writing has its hidden obstacles. You have the ability to control the development of your writing assigment. It is likewise very beneficial to pick a notable bit of writing which doesn't need to be introduced to the audience. Essay writing is a significant portion of the XAT Exam especially because it's conducted together with the most important exam. Creative Essay writing is currently recognized among the most useful activity for kids f or their general personality development. Essays are very helpful for college students. Writing an excellent persuasive essay is not an easy job, however, it's achievable. The Debate Over the Other World Essay Topics Once you receive an idea, the practice of writing will be much simpler. New tests, methodology, classes, suggestions and concepts happen each day in the realm of education. The education process is fluid. To start with, your key to winning essay is a crystal clear comprehension of what it is that you're likely to cope with. There are several financial activities that the individuals of Mauritius control like, fabric and dress business, touristry and fiscal services. For every single country in which you travel, have your company card information in English on a single side and in the language of the specific country on the opposite side. Taking a look at the war now the reply might still be the exact same, but the logical thinking might be different. Folks are dealt with by their surnames with the acceptable courtesy title. the Other World Essay Topics Explained In European and North American nations, the company card could be presented with either hand. With these strategies, you can develop interesting and one of a kind topics in virtually no time whatsoever. In addition, the value of SMM and other sorts of marketing such as influential marketing and viral marketing ought to be emphasised. On the flip side, it discourages the revolutionary global system. The Nuiances of the Other World Essay Topics Today it's one of the biggest religions amongst the Indian community. You're attempting to show colleges your very best self, therefore it might appear counterintuitive to willingly acknowledge a time you struggled. Colleges are seeking a feeling of maturity and introspectionpinpoint the transformation and demonstrate your private growth. The Meaning of the Other World Essay Topics Take into consideration the sphere which you find problematic or the one which offers you an opportunity to demonstrate your persuasive talent, sharing your thoughts with the reader. The difficulty could be in trying not to lose your principal idea among the huge amount of information. There are lots of problematic issues to discuss. Don't neglect to explain why the challenge is significant to you!

Abortion Essay - 515 Words

Abortion nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;According to Planned Parenthood, â€Å"millions of women per year sought out illegal abortions, thousands died. There are two kinds of abortion; one is what we call spontaneous abortion. This type may be more familiar as a miscarriage. When an embryo or fetus stops developing the body expels it. If a woman wants to end her pregnancy then she can have what is called an induced abortion, this can be done either surgically or medically. It terminates the fetus so that the mother doesn’t have to raise a child. Three reasons why abortion is a critical issue are moral, financial, and health. These are very important in the decision to have an abortion. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The first reason why†¦show more content†¦It is a critical issue because not all women have enough money to get an abortion. A good medical abortion costs lots of money to have done. Not only that but some women don’t have the financial independence to not get an abortion. Supporting a child costs lots and lots of money over all. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The third reason why abortion is a critical issue is health. This issue ties in with the financial issue, if people don’t have enough money for a proper medical abortion then they will turn to anything. Black market abortions or illegal abortions are popular to the less financially independent. These are sometimes done with a clothes hanger; this is used to scrape the fetus until it is dead. As you may guess this does cause many health problems for the mother. Not only is physical health a factor in abortions but mental health is also. Women who have abortions may suffer severe emotional distress. If they can’t handle the fact that they killed a child to be, or that they destroyed what might someday be a living person. They may need to see a psychiatrist to get over that. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In conclusion abortion is a critical issue because of everything I have told you so far, moral, financial, and health. These are all reasons that people think about when deciding on an abortion. Whether people think of it as murder or as helping someone it will never be the same in everyone’s mind, what does it mean to you?Show MoreRelatedAbortion : Abortion And Abortion998 Words   |  4 PagesAbortion Abortion is defined in several ways all of which stop a pregnancy. There are different ways of abortion, which are spontaneous abortion, surgical abortion, and medical abortion. Abortion has been arguable topic for decades. One can neither believe abortion to be good nor bad. The idea of individuality and human life is not quite the same. 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